Waste products combustion apparatus



Aprll 26, 1966 G. H. HosKlNsoN WASTE PRODUCTS COMBUSTION APPARATUS 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Original Filed June 21. 1960 INV EN TOR GORDON ff hbsKvNoN AGENTS April 25, 1956 G. H. HosKxNsoN 3,248,178

WASTE PRODUCTS COMBUSTION APPARATUS Original Filed June 2l, 1960 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVEN TOR. GORDO/v /v HosK/Nso/v WQLM AGENT5 April 26, 1966 G. H. HosKiNsoN WASTE PRODUCTS COMBUSTION APPARATUS 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 Original Filed June 2l, 1960 INVENTOR GoRoo/v H. HosK/Nso/v AGENTS April 26, 1966 G. H. HosKlNsoN WASTE PRODUCTS GOMBUSTION APPARATUS 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Urgnal Filed June 21. 1960 INVEN TOR. GORDO/v H. HosK/NSON MQLM AGENTS United States Patent O 3,248,178 WASTE PRODUCTS COMBUSTION APPARATUS Gordon H. Hoskinson, Floral Park, N.Y., assignor to Corneli-Hoskinson lVlfg. Corp., Long Island City, N.Y., a corporation of New York Continuation of application Ser. No. 37,722, June 21, 1960. This application May 6, 1964, Ser. No. 370,391 5 Claims. (Cl. 23-277) 'Ihe present invention relates to burning apparatus, and to fire burning apparatus to elect the consumption of smoke or gases, or other obnoxious vapors generated therein prior to the emission of such smoke, gases or the like to the atmosphere, and to the method for consumption of such smoke, gases, or other vapors, and is a continuation of my` now abandoned application Serial No. 37,722, filed lune 21, 1960.

A problem that has been present in re burning apparatus and the like since time virnmemorial is that of smoke, gases, land other waste products of combustion being emitted from the burning of materials in industrial production or manufacture, burning of fuels to provide heat, disposal of waste materials or the like by burning thereof in incinerators and other similar operations wherein combustible materials are consumed by burning. Such smoke, gases, obnoxious fumes and other waste products of combustion are quite hazardous to the health of the community in general. This has become particularly troublesome due to the ever-increasing vtechnological advancement of our industries. Moreover, such waste products of combustion also create an economical problem with respect to maintenance of property in general in the area of burning due to the fact that such products of combustion not only soil everything with which they come into contact, but also tend to enhance deterioration of the physical property.

The waste products of combustion which are primarily objected to are in the form of unburned carbon which gives rise to the heavy dark smoke and gases and other obnoxious vapors generated during the burning operation. The large amount of carbon present in the waste products of combustion as well as the generated gases, vapors, and the like is due to the incomplete or inefficient combustionduring the actual burning of the materials. The inefficient or insuicient combustion may be due to the structure of the apparatus in which the materials burn, or as a result of insufficient heat in the burning zone to eect an eicient operation, or insuiiicient oxygen to support the desired degree of combustion which will insure a complete consumption of the material being burned, or a combination of all three.

Considerable time, eort, and money have been expended over a great many years to develop burning apparatus which will function in a more eicient manner and which will provide a more eliicient and elective combustion due to the increased oxidation and temperature, Moreover, auxiliary attachments have been developed for burning apparatus in an eiort to elect a more efficient and more nearly complete consumption of the waste materials. However, all of these prior attempts to date have not been completely satisfactory in a great many respects, and the problem basically is still present.

In the elimination of the foregoing and related disadvantages, it is therefore a principal object of the present invention to provide fire burning apparatus of a new and novel structure which eiects a more eicient operation than heretoforel possible.

Another object of the present invention is the provision of lire burning apparatus which eliminates the emission of obnoxious waste products of combustion to the outside atmosphere, but is extremely simple in design and low in initial cost.

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Yet another object of the present invention is the provision of apparatus that may be associated with industrial exhaust stacks which will eliminate the emission of obnoxious gases, vapors, smoke, and the like to the outside atmosphere.

Yet another object of the present invention is the provision of a iire burning apparatus that does not emit obnoxious waste products of combustion to the'outside atmosphere, and which also is capable of being convertible from a furnace proper to an incinerator proper in a matter of seconds.

Still another object of the present invention is the provision of 'aA-fire burning apparatus that does not permit the emission of obnoxious waste products of combustion to the outside atmosphere and which functions not only as yan incinerator, but at the same time can be employed to provide heat to any particular area.

Another object of the present invention is the provision of apparatus in association with a heat exchange unit which can be mounted on existing lire burning apparatus, which will eliminate the emission of obnoxious waste products of combustion to the outside atmosphere.

Yet another object of the present invention. is the provision of lire burning lapparatus which will insure a substantially complete combustion of the objectionable waste products of combustion wherein the products emitted therefrom will not be harmful.

Yet anotherobject of the present invention is the provision of tire burning apparatus that is extremely efcient in effecting the complete combustion of the materials being burned wherein no objectionable waste products of combustion will be emitted to the outside atmosphere.

Another object of the present invention is the provision of re burning apparatus wherein the waste products of combustion will be consumed prior to the emission of same to the outside atmosphere.

Other and additional objects of the present invention will become manifest from the ensuing description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

In effecting the objects of the present invention, apparatus is associated with an exhaust chimney or the like, either as a complete unit or as a supplementary unit. The apparatus lincludes a primary combustion chamber having associated therewith a fan or blower and igniter means, and an outer chimney member adaptedto form a secondary combustion in a subsequent air preheated chamber. It will be found advantageous in many instances to incorporate a heat exchanger with the apparatus in carrying the invention into effect.

By way of illustration, an extension pipe or pipe piece is lifted to the top of the flue ,or chimney and is of a predetermined length and will serve to provide a primary combustion chamber. Associated with the primarycombustion chamber is a power driven fan or blower whose outlet opens into the chamber, and during operation serves to increase the chimney draft. An igniter device of any suitable well known kind, such as, for example, a spark plug or the like, is associated in the chamber in proximity to the fan outlet. The igniter may employ any suitable fuel, such as, for example, gas, atomized oil, or the like. If the existing chimney is of sui-cient height, the extension pipe or pipe piece may be eliminated, and the fan or blower and the igniter may be mounted in the existing chimney.

A secondary tube or member is mounted in spaced enveloping relationship to the primary combustion charnber or the existing chimney to provide an air inlet space Patented Apr. 26,- 1966 3 between the outer and inner surfaces of the inner pipe member and the outer'pipe member. The outlet end of the secondary or outer pipe member is located at a suitable height above the outlet or terminal end of the inner pipe member to serve as a 'chimney top.

Waste produ-cts of combustion rise from the existing furnace or furnace burning area thereof into the customary outlet and flow upwardly to the primary combustion chamber wherein increased air is supplied by the induced draft of the fan. During the mixing of the waste products of combustion and the air induced by the fan means, ignition of the mixture takes place and a ilame is produced inside the chimney or pipe extension to effect a further burning of the products of combustion. The remaining products of combustion emerging from the burning of the smoke and the air mixture in the primary combustion zone pass upwardly through the inner pipe. However, such remaining products of combustion cannot be further burned in the inner stack due to lack of oxygen. However, as such products emerge from the top end of the inner pipe, the products of combustion come into contact with air rising upwardly in the spaced air chamber formed between the inner and outer pipes. The air rising in the air space becomes heated through heat exchange relationship with the inner pipe, and upon mixing with the further waste products of combustion as they emerge from the exit end of the inner pipe, mix with the fresh hot air and effect a further burning thereof. Thus when the waste products of combustion of the original tire burning area eventually reach the chimney top or exit formed by the open end of the secondary tube, total combustion has been accomplished and all visible gases have been burned or lconsumed, an-d toxic or obnoxious fumes and the like have been decomposed into harmless gases which may be passed to the outside atmosphere without fear of harm to person or property.

Broadly stated, the means for eliminating the emission of objectionable waste products of combustion to the outside atmosphere comprises first sta-ck means, draft inducing means secured to said irst stack means adjacent its lower end thereof, fuel ignition means secured to said first chimney means in close association with said draft inducing means, fuel feeding means for feeding,y fuel to said igniter means, and second stack means mounted to said first stackmeans in spaced enveloping relationship therewith, the lower entrance endA of saidsecond stack means being positioned above said draft inducing means and said ignition means, the exit end of said second stack means terminating at a point above the exit end of said first stack means.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the present invention then consists of the means hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims, the annexed drawings and the following description setting forth in detail certain means in the carrying out of the invention, such disclosed means illustrating, however, but one of various ways in which the principle of the invention may be employed. Y

The present invention is illustrated, by way of example, in the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIGURE 1 is an enlarged side elevation partly in cross section of an illustrative form of stack structure made in accordance with the present invention and illustrating the means for igniting the waste products of combustion in the lower portion of the inner stack.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken on lines 2-2 of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a fragmentary side elevation in cross-section of the upper end of the inner stack and the outer stack illustrating the attainment of further burning of the waste products of combustion.

FIG. 4 is a front perspective view of ire burning apparatus utilizing the smoke burning unit shown in FIGS. 1-3.

FIG. 5 is a rear perspective view of the re burning apparatus shown .in FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 `is a front view in cross-section of the fire burning apparatus of FIGS. 4 and 5 showing the inner construction of the fire burning apparatus.

FIG. `7 is a cross-sectional view taken on line 7-7 of lFIG. 6.

Referring now to the drawings, and with particular reference to FIGS. 1 3, an illustrative embodiment of the apparatus for the elimination of the emission of obnoxious products of combustion to the atmosphere made in accordance with the present invention, and generally designated by reference numeral 10, is shown.` The'unit 10 comprises an inner cylindrical stack member 11 which may be made of steel, iron, or any other suitable metal from which exhaust stacks are normally made'. The inner stack member 11 is to be connected at its lower end, as will be discussed more fully hereinafter, to the exhaust outlet of the iire burning apparatus, such as, for example, a stove, incinerator or similar burning equipment. The inner stack member 11 may be a conventional exhaust stack normally present on existing burner equipment. However, if the stack on the existing burner equipment is of insufcient diameter or does not possess sufficient heat, a properstack or chimney may be substituted for the loutlet of the fire burning equipment or may be added thereto. Moreover, it is to be understood that in the construction of new fire burning apparatus, the inner stack 11 of proper dimensions may be included with there burning apparatus as original equipmenhz An air inducer or blower fan, generally designated by reference numeral 12, is mounted on the outside surface of the inner stack member 11'for access thereinto about the normal discharge outlet of the burner equipment.

proper. The blower fan 12 has access into the inner area of the innerstaclcmembery 11, and this may be accomplished by forming an opening in the stack which is in alignment with the operating opening of the blower fan 12. The draft inducer or blower fan 12 illustrated therein is of conventional design, and may be readily purchased -on the open market.V Accordingly, no detailed description thereof-is believed necessary. It will suice to say in connection with this that Vany mechanfeffect the desired draft inducement of the waste prod-4 ucts of combustion and at the same time deploy a suicient amount of air into the inner stack member 11 for admixture with the rising waste products of combustion.

An air guide member, generally designated by reference numeral 13, is employed in association with theV air blower fan 12 to direct and control the direction of the air being drawn into the inner stack member 11 and to aid in the creation of the draft for the waste products of combustion. AsI illustrated, the air guide member 13 includes a plurality of upwardly inclined arcuate plates 14, 15, 16, and 17, each of which is vertically spaced from one another and is of diminishing length with re-A spect to one another. Each Vof the upwardly inclined arcuate plates 14, 15, 16and 17 is united along each side edge to side plates 18. The lateral width, as here-l inbefore indicated, Iof the plates 14, 15, 16, and 17 is relatively short in order to create the desired air action, and present no deterrent to the normal upward iiow of the waste products of combustion, as well as assisting in the creation of the desired draft of same. This construction results in a narrow, upwardly inclined, arcuate,` Velongated plurality of passages in which the lower end Accordof each is in association with the air blower 12, with each being vertically spaced one above the other through which air will be blown inwardly and upwardly for admixture with the products of combustion rising upwardly through the inner pipe member 11 from the re burning unit proper. v

The illustrated air guide member 13 may be secured at opposed points to the inner surface of the inner stack member 11 by spot welding, brazing, bolting, or in any desired manner. Alternatively, the air guide unit.13 may be bolted throughthe inner pipe member 11 to the housing of the air blower 12. The air guide member 13 may be made of any suitable metal, such as, for example, steel, cast iron, or similar metal. Preferably vthe metal employed should be of suiicient strength and heat resistancein order to impart a long wearing life thereto, particularly since it is in the immediate area in which the hot products of combustion rising from the lire burning area proper are ignited and the area immediately thereabove serves as a secondary combustion chamber in which high heat will be generated.

The air guide member 13 just described is a particular and preferred construction for utilization in the present invention for directing air into the inner stack member 11'for admixture with the waste products of combustion passing upwardly therein, and to aid in the draft inducement thereof. However, it is to be clearly understood that there are other means which are readily available to one skilled in the art which can be employed in the present invention for accomplishing this purpose.

A small cylindrical fuel cup 19 is mounted to the inner surface of the inner stack member 11 and rests on the top surface of the air guide member 13 just above the inlet end of the blower fan 12. The fuel cup v19 is made of any. suitable metal, such' as, for example, steel or the like, but must possess a suiiicient high resistance to heat, since it is within this area that fuel is ignited to create the secondary combustion zone, in a manner to be described more fully hereinafter. vThe fuel cup 19 need not necessarily be mounted directly to the inner surface of the inner stack member 11, but may be inwardly spaced slightly therefrom and secured to the top edges of the side plates 18 ofthe air guide member 13 by welding or Vthe like.

The fuel cup 19 is preferred in the 'present invention since it provides a small area in which the fuel may be injected and ignited, in a manner to be more fully described hereinafter, without fear of any pre-ignition -of the waste products of combustion and the air admixed therewith by means of the blower 12. That is to say, by the utilization of the fuel cup 19, there Will be no ignition of the waste products of combustion until they reach the secondary combustion zone, which is in the immediate vicinity of the cup 19. However, it will be found possible under certain circumstances to eliminate the use of the fuel cup 19, such situations being where no preignition of the waste products of combustion and air will create a problem. However, in general, a fuel cup 19 will be found advantageous to be included in the overall unit.

A fuel nozzle 20 for injecting the fuel within the fuel cup 19 is mounted in the bottom surface of the cup 19 and extends upwardly therein. The fuel nozzle 20 is of generally conventional design and is readily available on the open market, and therefore no detailed descripvthe fuel.

i ventional fuel oil and gas, although any liquid or gaseous fuel capable of being dispensed in the manner indicated may be employed.

An igniter member 22 is mounted to the outside surface of the inner stack member 11 and extends through -the wall thereof and through the wall of the fuel cup 19 and above the discharge end of the fuel nozzle 20. The igniter member 22 may be secured to the stack 11 in any suitable manner, such as, for example, by threading the openings in the wall of the inner stack member 22 thereinto. As illustrated, the igniter member 22 is in the form of a conventional spark plug which is threaded into the threaded openings of the inner stack member 11v and the fuel cup 19with the spark gap end resting above this discharge end of the fuel nozzle 20. The opposite end of the spark plug 22, which is the contact or terminal end thereof, is connected to an electrical lead line 23, which is, in turn, connected to a suitable power source, such as, for example, a battery or the like, since the fuel igniter will only be used intermittently when needed to ignite the fuel dispensed into the fuel cup 19 by the fuelv nozzle 20.

The construction just described results in a secondary combustion zone in which the waste products of combustion passing out of the outlet end of the fire burning unit proper will be admixed with air being blown thereinto and which will be burned in comparatively small area by This secondary combustion zone thus effects a further burning with fresh oxygen and fuel of products of combustion which would pass out to the atmosphere in a harmful or objectionable state. The assembly just described to effect the secondary combustion zone must not be positioned too far above the discharge outlet of the lire burning unit proper since it will be found advantageous in the overall efliciency of the unit to have the waste products of combustion to be burned still in a hot state with no heat being dissipated to the outside surface through the inner stack member 11.

To effect the ignition of the admixture of -air and the waste products of combustion, it would be found desirable in many instances,` aftera period of time in which the secondary combustion zone has been in operation, to cut off the fuel. This is possible due to the fact that .the stack temperature in the immediate area of the secondary combustion zone will be sufficiently high to permit a self-ignition of the admixture of air and the waste products of combustion. It will be necessary, however, particularly under such circumstances, to have the secondary combustion zone in reasonably close proximity to the outlet end of the lire burning area proper in order to prevent any unnecessaryheat loss. However, under general operation, it is preferred that the fuel be continuously burned during the operation of the unit.

The construction providing the secondary combustion zone for the waste products of combustion just described does not result in a material burning or otherwise converting of the waste products of combustion. However, such products of combustion still are not in a state that they can be passed to the atmosphere without creating problems. Thus, in order to accomplish this desired result of rendering the ultimate waste products of combustion into a suitable state in which they can be eX- pended into the outside atmosphere, a third combustion tion of same is believed necessary. As shown, one end of Vthe fuel nozzle 20 constitutes the fuel exit end which zone will be necessary to effect a further burning of the waste products of combustion before such products can be passed to the atmosphere.

To provide, the third combustion zone, an outside stack 24 is secured to the inner stack V11 above the secondary combustion zone and extends upwardly therefrom in spaced enveloping relationship therewith. The outer stack 24 may be made of the same metal as the inner stack 11 and is secured thereto in spaced relationship by means of connecting rods or linger webs 25 secured therebetween at variOus convenient points. The webs 25 may be secured to the inner stack 11 and the outer stack 24 by welding or the like. The outer stack member 24 extends upwardly and beyond the outlet end 26 of the inner stack member 11 and constitutes a final exit stack for the waste products of combustion. The outer stack member 24 is spaced circumferentially from the inner stack member 11 for a distance sucient to provide a circumferential air channel or passageway therebetween in which air will rise vertically. Thus the formed air channel therebetween will provide air at the terminal or exit end 26 of the inner stack member -11, with this zone just above the terminal end of the inner stack member 11 constituting the third'cornbustion zone to effect the final burning of the waste products of combustion such that they can be emitted to the atmosphere in a completely safe and substantially clean state.

In order to provide the third combustion zone, the outer stack member 24 must be of a suicient height such that the air passageway formed between the inner stack member 11 and the outer stack member 24 will be sufficiently long to effect a proper heat transfer between the waste products of combustion generated in the secondary combustion zone in order to heat the air passing upwardly to such a temperature that self-ignition will be possible between the waste products of combustion passing from the exit end 26 of the inner stack member 11 and the incoming air converging therewith at the exit end. Thus the outer stack member 24 must not be spaced from the inner stack member 11 at too great a distance such that the volume of air passing upwardly therebetween in the formed air passage will be too large in volume to be heated. The spacing should be sufficient to permit a volume 'of air therein to support the further burning of the waste products of combustion, but will be of a volume insuflicient to receive the heat transferred from the inner stack member 11 such that the air will not be heated to the required tem-` perature. From the foregoing, it is believed obvious that the inner stack member 11 must be of a length and diameter and the outer stack member 24 must be so spaced with respect thereto that the heat transfer between the inner stack member 11 and the volume of air passing upwardly therebetween will be effected such that when the air passes above the terminal or exit end 26 of the inner stack me-mber 11, the air will admix with the waste products of combustion and will be at a temperature such that the admixture will immediately ignite, thereby effecting the desired further burning of the waste products of combustion.

In general operation of the stack unit described hereinbefore, the effect of the further burning or conversion of the waste products of combustion in the third com-- bustion zone results in the final products of comb-ustion member 11 and the outer stack member 24 will be heated asfit passes upwardly to a temperature sufficiently Vhigh to effect a self-ignition. As the hot air rises upwardly through the circumferentially formedpassageway and the remaining waste products of combustion.

of the secondary combustion zone rises upwardly, the desired heat transfer is effected, and when the air combines with therwaste products of combustion at the exit ber 24, and henceinto the atmosphere in a completely uuobjectionable and safe state.

Reference is now to be had to FIGS. 4-7 wherein an illustrative embodiment of heating apparatus utilizing the foregoing described unit ymade in accordance with the present invention, which eliminates any waste products of combustion being passed to the atmosphere in an objectionable state, is shown. In general, the basic construction shown in FIGS. 4 7, insofar as the heating apparatus unit is concerned, and for purposes of illustration only, is a heating unit made in accordance with Vthe teachings set forth in my copending application Serial No. 700,809, led December 5, 1957, now U.S. Patent No. 3,044,460, granted July 17, 1962. However, it is to be clearly understood that this is for illustrative purposes only since the unit for eliminating the emission of objectionable waste products of combustion to the atmosphere can be e-mployed equally as well with all types of burning equipment.

The heating apparatus disclosed in my aforementioned U.S. Patent No. 3,044,460 is one which functions not only as an incinerator to burn trash, or functions as a heaterV of a conventional type, but also has an additional function of providing heat through a heat exchange relationship with an associate heat exchanger and the waste products of combustion from the fire burning zone which may be utilized to heat any given area.

The heating apparatus 30, as illustrated in FIGS. 4-7, includes a main body housing 31 made of cast iron, or any other suitable material, which functions as a re burning area and comprises front and back wall members 32 and 33 and opposed side wall members 34 and 3S. The front wall member 32, as illustrated, is of a height less than the back Wall member 33 and the side l side Wall members 34 and 3S are shown as being spaced being placed in a condition such that they can be passed to the atmosphere in a completely safe and unobjectionable state. The material to be burned is placed in a burner and ignited in a normal manner. After the material has started burning, the waste products of combustion rise upwardly through a conventional outlet and into the inner stack member 11. Fuel is fed through the fuel nozzle 20 and is ignited by means of the fuel ignition member 22. Simultaneously, the air blower fan 12 is set into operation, with air being blown upwardly and inwardly through the air guide member 13, which not only supplies the necessary air but also effects a draft inducement for the waste products of combustion. The air admixes with the waste products of combustion rising upwardly in the inner stack member 11 and are further burned, by means of the fuel from the fuel nozzle 20, thereby producing a hot secondary combustion zone. The remaining waste products of combustion that have not been consumed in the secondary combustion zone rise upwardly in the inner stack 11, with the high heat of the secondary combustion zone heating the inner stack member -11 such that air passing upwardly in the circumferential channel formed between the inner stack inwardly from the respective free ends of the front and back wall members 32 and 33 and are secured thereto by welding, riveting, or lthe like. This construction results in vertically extending side portions 36 and 37 on each side of the housing in spaced relationship thereto at a point above the bottom end of the side portions 35 and 37 by means of welding, brazing, riveting, or the like. In connection with this, it is to be noted that the top edge of the cover member 38 stops short of the top i edge of the side wall member 34 and is provided with a slight, outwardly flared lip. Similarly, the top edge` of the cover member 39 extends above the top edge of the side wall member 35 and is provided with an ini wardly flared lip portion. This construction defines a bottom entrance and a spaced passageway on either sider of the housing 31 to ena-ble air to be drawn in at the bottom of the body housing and to pass' upwardly on either side thereof, and be directed in a manner to.`

facilitate heat transfer in a manner to be more fully described hereinafter.

The front wall member 32 is provided with a large rectangular opening at its bottom edge thereof through' The door frame member 9 40 is provided with a central rectangular opening which is covered by a door 41 which is hingedly secured thereto by means of'a hinge construction 42 to provide access into the housing body 31 to remove ashes and the like therefrom. The opposite end Vof the door 41 is provided with a handle and latch mechanism 43 to enable the door to be retained in a closed state normally. The door 41 is provided with a draft door 44 centrally vpositioned adjacent its lower edge 'by any suitable means which is operable to provide any desired degree of draft for the housing body 31 during a burning operation therein.

The top transverse edge of the front wall member 32 terminates at a point below that of the back wall member 33 and the side wall members 34 and 35, as hereinbefore indicated. The front portions ofthe side wall members 34 and 35 lying above the front wall member 32 are inwardly inclined, defining a rectangular opening into the housing which lies in inclined relationship to the remainder of the body housing for feeding material to be burned thereinto. The inclined opening is covered by a large feed door 45 which is secured to the top edge of the housing body 31 `by means of a rod and hinge construction 46. The lower end of the feed door 45 is provided with -a latch and handle mechanism 47 to provide means to lock the feed door 45 in position and yet readily detachable to enable material to be fed into the body housing 31 for burning.

The back Wall member 33, as illustrated, may be pro-' vided with a back cover member 4S which is secured thereto in spaced relation along its side edges by means of side ange portions by welding, riveting, and the like.

The bottom edge of the back cover member 48 is spaced above the bottom edge of the back wall member 33 to provide a vertical passageway for air in the same manner and for the same purpose as the side cover members 38 and 39.

It will be found advantageous to employ stainless steel in the construction of the main body housing 31 although it is to be clearly understood `that any suitable metal of a gauge suicient to satisfy the needed requirements may be employed. The ash door 41 and the feed door 45, -and the transversely extending housing 60, are preferably made of heavy gauge cast iron in order to insure sturdiness and long wear to the construction.

The back cover member 48 is provided along its bottom edge with an outwardly extending rectangular frame member 49 which is adapted to receive in this illustrative embodiment of the invention, a gun type oil burner generally designated by reference numeral 50. The burner 50 is positioned so -as to be movable back and forth along the frame member 49 so as to enable the burner 50 to be completely withdrawn from the body housing 31. The back wall member 33 and the cover member 48 are each provided with complementary circular openings 51 and 52 through which the gun portion of the burner 50 will pass into the fire burning area of the housing 31. The inside surface of the back wall member 33, and the outside surface of the back cover member 4S, as shown in FIG. 4, are each provided with spaced parallel slots 53 and 54, respectively, which extend on opposite sides of the openings 51 and 52. A cover plate 55 is slidably positioned within the spaced parallel slot portions 53 of the end wall member 33 an-d is adapted to Aslide therebetween to cover the opening 51 upon actuation ofthe cover plate handle 56. Similarly, the spaced slot portion 54 is provided with a cover plate 57 which is manually operable to close the opening 54 upon withdrawal of the burner 50. This will enable the main body housing 31 to be completely enclosed'when oil is notI being used as the fuel. That is to say, withdrawing the oil burner 50 rearwardly on the frame 49 will result in a withdrawing of the vburner gun from the openings 51 and 52. Pushing the cover handle member 56 inwardly results in the cover plate 55' moving along thel@ slots 53 to cover the opening 51. The manual operation of the cover plate 57 completely seals the unit.

The top cover member 58 of the body housing 31 is provided with a pair of circular openings into which outlet pipes 59 are positioned. AThe top free ends of the pipes 59 are secured to a transversely extending heat-exchange housing generally designated by reference numeral 60, through which the heat and smoke from the main body housing l31 will pass and be dissipated and carried off in a manner to be more fully described hereinafter. The transversely extending housing 60 is covered by a shield 61 which is secured at one end to the top end of the housing cover member 4S and is bent forwardly around the heat-exchange housing 60 in spaced relationship thereto and stopping short of the. top portion 58 of the housing 31. The shield 61 is held in spaced relationship from the housing 60 by means of spacer strips 62 from which is connected to the spaced out-let pipes 59 in transverse relationship with respect thereto. An inner central cylindrical shell body 64 similarly made of heavy gauge metal is detachably positioned within the outer shell body 63 in spaced relationship. This construction defines a tubular member having a central passageway extending therethrough. The association of the outer and inner shell bodies 63 and 64 results in an air-tight area between the two bodies, with the exception of the two inlet openings in the outer shell body 63 t-o receive inlet pipes 59, and the outlet opening in the outer shell body 63 functions as an outlet for the waste products of combustion. The forward end of the inner shell body 64 is provided with an outwardly flaring rim portion 65, with the outward terminal end of the flared rim portion 65 provided with a reversely turned perimetral ange portion 66 forming a lip to receive the circular peripheral end of the outer shell body 63. The opposite end of the outer shell body 63 is provided with an inwardly inclined rim portion 67, which, in turn, is provided with a peripheral flange portion to receive the opposite terminal end of the inner shell body 64.

The inner shell body 64 is preferably readily detachable from the outer shell body 63 to enable the units to be more easily cleaned from collected carbon and the like in' a manner to be more fully described hereinafter. To -separate the tubular member, the inner shell body 64 is merely pulled outwardly, thus freeing the perimetral ange portion 66 from one end of the outer shell body 63 and at the same time freeing the opposite terminal end of the inner shell body 64 from the flange portion of the outer shell body 63. To assemble the inner shell body 64 to the outer shell body 63, the former is inserted in the pipe until its forward terminal end engages the flange portion of the outer shell portion 63. Simultaneously when this occurs theflange portion 66 of the inner shell body 64 tightly engages the terminal end of the outer shell body 63, thus locking the bodies in airtight relationship. While this is the preferred construction, it is to be understood that the inner and outer shell bodies 64 and 63 may be' permanently secured to one another in spaced relationship.

The inner shell body 64 'is provided with a plurality of angularly disposed bale plates 68, 69, "70, and 71 on the outside surface of the inner shell body 64, and are so positioned with relationship to the inlet openings 59 and the opposed outlet openings of the air-tight area between the inner and outer shell bodies 64 and 63 so as to provide a controlled, tortuous passageway for the smoke and heat to travel as it comes from the main body housing 3.1, thereby insuring a proper draft and more' efficient burning as well as providing an excellent heat transfer relationship between the elements'. The baffle plates 68, 69, 70 and 71 have a height such that the 1l outer edge of each baille plate will Iform substantially a seal with the inner surface of the outer shell body 63 to insure the necessary controlled passageways for the smoke.

The baille plates 68 and 69 are curved around the lower half of the inner shell body 64 and extend upwardly in inclined relationship around the inner shell body 64 on either side thereof to a point short of the top surface, leaving a passageway at the top of the shell body 64 at opposite ends thereof. The baille plates 68 and 69 are inclined downwardly in the direction of one another ladjacent opposite ends of the inner shell body 64, with the lower terminus of each baille plate ending just above the inner inside edge of each of the outlet pipes 59 and extending around and upwardly therefrom in inclined relationship to force the smoke from eachof the outlet pipes 59 upwardly and outwardly to theV passageway formed at the ,top surface of the shell body 64 adjacent each end thereof.

The baille plates 76 and 71 are curved around the upper half of the inner shell body 64 and are each spaced inwardly from the baille plates 68 and 69, and are inclined such that they are in substantially parallel relationship with the baille plates 68 and 69. Each free end of the baille plates 70 and 71 terminates at a point about midway on each side of the inner shell body 64, with each end of the batlles being spaced below and in substantial alignment with the outside edge of the exhaust outlet opening, thereby forming a spaced vertical outlet ypassageway for the smoke and gases. The arrangement of the baffle plates 68, 69, 70 and 71 is such that the smoke passing upwardly from each of the outlet pipes '59 will be carried outwardly and upwardly on either side of the inner shell body 64 by means of the baille plates 68 and 6-9, and pass through the formed passageway of each top surface. The smoke will then strike the top surface of each of the baille plates 70 and 71 and will be directed downwardly and inwardly on either side of the inner shell body 64 until the smoke reaches the vertically formed passageway. The smoke will then pass upwardly through the exhaust outlet of the outer shell body 63.

Another advantage of this construction is that'with this form of the heat exchanger housing 60, cleaning can be accomplished in a relatively short time. To clean the heat exchanger housing 60, the inner shell body 64 is merely pulled outwardly from the outer shell body 63.

This operation results in the inclined baille plates 68, 69, l

and 71 scraping the inner surfaces of the outer shell body 63, thereby removing carbon and the like during the withdrawing operation. The inner shell body 64 is then cleaned by washing or the like, with the inner surface of the outer shell body 63 being wiped clean. The inner shell body 64 is then inserted in the same manner as hereinbefore indicated.

While any suitable baille plate construction may be employed to divide the baille plates 68, 69, 70 and 71, a particular and preferred construction consists of angled sheet metal in which the base thereof will be secured to the-outer surface of the inner shell body 64. The vertical portion of the angled metal, which will function as the baflle plates, will be provided with a plurality of vertical slits such that when the sheet metal is curved to the contour of the inner shell body 64, the slit portion of the sheet metal will be expanded, resulting in a plurality of small, V-shaped notches. The advantage of this particular arrangement is that it will provide a plurality of small openings through which heat will seep to heat the opposite side thereof and will facilitate the passage of smoke and heat through the tortuous path hereinbefore defined. While this is a particular and preferred construction, it is to be clearly understood that any suitable baflle plate construction may be employed which will result in the formation of thedesired tortuous path.

A blower fan 72 is positioned at one of the transverse heat exchanger housing 60 for blowing air therethrough ing of the air not only through the inner passageway of the inner shell body 63, thereby insuring excellent heat Y exchange relationship. If desired, a duct structure (not shown) may be connected to thedischarge end of the heat exchanger housing 60 for controlled discharge of the hot air. secured to a heavy metal screen 73 which, in turn, is tightly positioned at one end of the housing shield 61.4 The blower 72 is actuated by electric power, not shown,` and is so timed as to be operable only during actual op-y eration of the heating unit 30.

While the heat exchanger housing assembly 60 `is a particularly and preferred one, it is to be clearly under-` stood that other heat exchanger means may be employed. For example, radiator type heat exchangers may be positioned over each of the rebox outlets 59, with each heat exch-anger being provided with a blower. In this type of operation, the hot gases will pass up through each heat exchanger, transferring its heat thereto, with air be-` ing blown through the heat exchanger where it is warmed by the hot gases and then passed outwardly through the opposite end of the heat exchanger to provide necessary heat.

As hereinbefore indicated, the side cover members 38 i and 39 form vertical passageways, respectively, with theside wall members 34 and 35 through which air will be upwardly drawn. As hereinbefore indicated, the positioning of the inwardly ilared lip portion 74 on the top` transverse edge of the shield member 39 is in close proximi ity to the blower 72 and above the .top surface of the` main body housing 31, with the shield member 38 having its top transverse edge slightly spaced below the top edgey of the body housing 31. This construction results in a suction effect in each side passageway, thus drawing air upwardly on either side of the main body housing 31.

The air thus drawn upwardly is heated in heat exchange i relationship with the body housing 31 and is drawn into` the blower air-stream, thereby increasing the heating efilciency of the unit. The air passing upwardly between the housing shield 39 and the side wall member 35 is blown completely around the heat exchange housing 60 by passing through the area existing between the, heat exchanger housing 60 and the housing shield 61. The air being drawn upwardly between the side shield member 38 i wardly along each of the side passageways formed on the sides of the unit 30. To facilitate the drawing upwardly of the air through the formed back passageway, and to direct the elllcient flow of the air into the created blown air-stream to assist in providing the desired heat, a plurality of inclined baille plates 75 are secured to thev inside surfaces of the housing shield 61 in spaced relationship immediately adjacent the top surface of the main body housing 31. The baille plates 75 are slightly wider than the width of the back passageway to insure the Iair being drawn into engagement therewith. The baflle plates 75 are inclined in the direction of the air llow, thereby causing the air to be drawn upwardly into contact with the inclined surfaces and into the created air-stream. vThe positioning of the baille plates 75 creates, in conjunction with the blower 72, a venturi effect which materially aids in the efficiency of the unit 30.

The blower 72 is centrally positioned and To provide a constant heat source to facilitate the transfer of heat generated in the re area of the main body housing 31 to the air-stream created by the blower 7-2, a removable heat trap 'member 45 is centrally positioned within the inner shell body 41 in spaced relationship thereto. The heat trap member 76 is in the form of an elongated tube 77, with each end thereof enclosed by a pointed nose portion 78. Inlet means 79 and 80 are provided at spaced points on the under surface of the heat trap member 76 and in alignment with the inlet means 59. This construction results in the formation of a closed circuit heat trap in which heat will be continually rising virtually directly from the tire area. Thus as airis blown through Ithe transverse heat exchanger housing 60, the air will be continually heated by passage over the heat trap member 76.

Reference is now to be had to FIGS. 6 and 7 wherein the internal construction of the illustrative embodiment of the heater construction just described, made in accordance with the present invention, is shown. The main body housing 31 is provided with inclined support portions 81 which are associated with a pair of vertical grate supporting legs 82. A grate member 83 is supported by the grate supporting legs 82 at a distance suciently high to enable ashes to be withdrawn through the ash collecting door 41. The supporting legs 82 are spaced from one another for a distance just slightly less than the width of the ash-receiving door 41 through which the grate 83 may be withdrawn or replaced.v The grate 83 should lay -in a position at a point below the opening 51 in the end wall member 33 in order that a firebox supported thereon will be efficiently positioned wtih respect to the oil burn- As shown in FIG. 7, an oil burner 50, for the purposes of illustration, is shown in operable position with oil to be used as the fuel. However, it is to be clearly understood that a gun type gas burner can be used equally as well and in the same manner as an oil burner. -When the heating unit 30 is to beA used as an oil burner or gas burner, a iirebox 84 is positioned on the grate 83 with the gun of the burner 50 entering thereinto. The rebox 84 may be made of any suitable material, but preferably consists of a rectangular, stainless steel box provided with legs 85 which rest on thegrate 83, with the rebox being in substantially vertical alignment with the smoke and heat discharge outlets 59 of the main body housing 3-1.

If the heating apparatus 30 is to be employed as an incinerator, or if coal or similar solid fuel is to be used as the heating medium, either'hand fed or stoker fed, the firebox 84 and the burner 50 are not to beused in the main body housing 31. In converting from oil or gas to an incinerator or other solid fuel burner, the rebox 8'4 is withdrawn from the'main body housing 31 through the feed door 45 for storage until needed. The oil or gas burner 50 is rearwardly withdrawn on the support frame 49, drawing the gun portion of the burner completely out of the heating unit. Handle 56 is then pushed inwardly, resulting in the cover plate 55 sealing the opening 51. Similarly, the cover plate 57 is manually operated to close the opening in the rear 'shield 48. The unit 10 is now l ready for use as an incinerator.

The inner stack member 11 has its lower end extending through an opening in the cover member 61-and into the exhaust outlet opening 86 `in t-he outer shell body '63 of it-he heat exchanger housing 60. The inner stack member 11 may be secured to the outer shell body 63 in any suitable manner, such as, for example, press fitting, welding, bolting, or the like, aud will extend upwardly therefrom in transverse relationship thereto in the manner of anormal stack or chimney. The air blower 12 is secured to the inner stack member above the heat exchange housing 60 and in association with the air guide member 13 in a manner hereinbefore described. Similarly, the fuel cup 19 and the fuel nozzle 20 are associated with the air guide member 13 in the manner likewise hereinbefore described. The igniter member 22 extends through the inner stack member 1'1 and into the fuel cup 19 to function as the means for igniting the fuel dispensed from the nozzle member 20. The outer stack member 24 is secured to the inner stack member 11 in circumferentially spaced relationship therewith by means of thin web bands 25, with the outer stack member 24 extending above and beyond the terminal end of t-he inner stack member 1-1.

I n the operation of the heating apparatus 30 just described, if rubbish is to be burned, the heating unit 30 will require no rebox but will merely have the grate 83 pres'- ent therein, with the openings 51 and 56 in the rear walls 33 and 48 being closed. The material to be burned is then fed into the feed door 45 and ignited to effect the burning thereof. The blower 72 is set into operation and the heat and smoke generated by such burning will be passed into the heat exchanger housing 60 and heat trap member 75 where it will continuously vheat the air being blown therethrough in transverse relationship to the flow of the smoke and the heat from the ire burning area. The heat and smoke which constitute the waste products of combustion follow the tortuous path in the heat exchanger housing 60 in the manner hereinbefore described, and will reach the exit end or opening 86 on the top surface of the outer shell body 6'3.

Such waste products of combustion will then rise upwardly through the inner stack member 11, with the air Iblower 1.2,' then being in operation, assisting in the up- -ward movement of such Waste products of combustion. The waste products of combustion will be admixed with air passing into the inner stack member 1\1 through the air guide member 13, and will be ignited by the fuel being -fed into the fuel cup 19 through the fuel nozzle 20 which, in turn, was ignited by the igniter means 22. The burning of the mixture of air and waste products ofcombustion creates a secondary combustion zone in which the waste products of combustion are further burned, with such burning result-ing in van extremely high temperature at the secondary combustion zone.V As'hereinbefore indicated, it is preferred that the fuel be continuously fed into the fuel cup 19 and be continuously burned, thereby insuring an igniting ame for the mixture of air and waste productsY of combustion at alltimes. However, as has also been indicated, after the stack temperature at the secondary combustion zone has reached such a point that the air mixture will be self-ignited, the fuel feeding may be discontinued.

The waste products of combustion rise upwardly from the secondary combustion zone in the inner stack member 11 and are admixed with the air rising upwardly between the inner stack member 11 and the outer stack member 24. As the air passesrupwardly inthe formed passageway between the inner stack member 11 and the outer stack member 24, the air will be rapidly heated by the heat transfer relationship with the surfa'ce of the inner stack member. Thus when the air mixes with the waste products of combustion from the secondary combustion zone at the exit end of the inner stack member 11, the mixture effects a self-ignition with a corresponding further burning of the remaining waste products of combustion, and the products resulting therefrom will rise upwardly and outwardly through the outer stack member 24 and into the atmosphere in a state which is not objectionable.

Upon completion of the burning of the refuse in the fire burning apparatus 30, and if heat is'still desired, the rebox 84 -is positioned on the grate 83 and the oil gas burner 50 pushed through the openings 51 and 52 into the rebox 84 and fired to provide the necessary heat. The heat produced from the burning of the gas oil will then pass upwardly in the same manner as hereinbefore described with respect to the rubbish burning, and hot air is blown outwardly through the exchanger housing 60 to provide the desired heat. If oil or gas is not to be employed to .with no firebox 84 being needed. The adaptability of the heating unit therefore enables the user to continuously have heat to heat any given area, aswell as to provide means to dispose of rubbish, and also upon completion of the burning of the rubbish, to readily convert to conventional fuel. When heat is not required, the heating unit 30 may be merely used as an incinerator to burn refuse and the like. Under such circumstances it will be preferred to have the blower 72 remain at rest thereby directing the greater portion of the heat and smoke upwardly for passage ultimately through the outer stack member 24. Regardless of the material burned or the fuel employed, the waste products of combustion and the subsequent burning thereof in two separate zones of combustion will be the same. i

No description has been given relative to the electrical controls for the fuel feeding means and the like which will be employed in the present invention. However, such elements are quite conventional andl may be provided at any suitable point on the unit as desired.

While the foregoing description of the unit, which effects a substantially complete and further burning of the waste products of combustion arising from the fire burning unit, has been described with respect to a particular form of burning apparatus, it is to be clearly understood that other fire burning apparatus may be employed equally as well as the present unit. For example, the hot water heating apparatus disclosed in my copending now abandoned application Serial No. 37,721, filed June 21, 1960, may be provided with the unit. Similarly, the new and improved incinerator disclosed and claimed in my copending application Serial No. 76,670, filed December l9, 1960 now Patent No. 3,190,244, likewise may be provided with the unit.

The unit has also been shown herein in association with a heat exchanger unit. While it is preferred from a general efficiency operation and for dual functionality to employ a heat exchanger with the unit, it is to be clearly understood that the unit consisting the present invention may be employed equally as well by mounting same directlyvto the outlet end of the stove burner or other tire burning apparatus.

While there have been described herein what are at present considered preferred embodiments of the invention, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that modifications and changes may be made therein without departing from the essence of the invention. It is therefore to be understood that the exemplary embodiments are illustrative and not restrictive of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims, and that all modifications that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are intended to be included therein. Y

v I claim:

1. Apparatus for permitting the emission .of waste products of combustion to the atmosphere in an unobjectionable state comprising; an inner exhaust smoke stack member adapted to be connected at one end to a lire burning apparatus, said inner mem-bervforming a continuous passageway throughout its length for the passing of waste products of combustion therethrough, air supply means secured to said inner stack member adjacent the -end to be connected to impart air thereinto, fuel dispensing means for imparting fuel into said inner stack member immediately adjacent said air supply means, ignition means for igniting said fuel to effect an initial burning of the waste products of combustion in the end of said inner stack member to be connected; and an outer exhaust stack member secured to said inner stack member in circumferentially spaced, enveloping relationship, at least that portion of the inner stack member enveloped by said outer stack member being made of a material having high heat conductivity, said outer stack extending therearound with one end of said outer stack being spaced beyond said fuel supply means and said air supply` mean-s, and the opposite end of said outer stack 4member being spaced well beyond the terminal free end of said inner stack member, said circumferentially spaced relationship of said outer stack i member to said inner stack member formingl a continuous, elongated air passageway in substantially sealed relationship therebetween of su-bstantial length along which air will be drawn therethrough from the end of said outer stack member adjacent said air supply means and will be heated in heat exchange relationship with said inner stack member, said heated air mixing with the waste products of combustion emerging from the free end of said inner stack member `to effect a self-ignition of such formed` mixture to further burn the waste products of combustion within the outer stack member.

2. Apparatus for permitting the emission of waste products of combustion to the atmosphere in an unobjectionable state comprising; an inner exhaust smoke stack member adapted to be connected at its lower end to a fire burning apparatus in substantially vertical relationship therewith, said inner member forming a continuous passageway throughout its length for the passing of waste products of combustion therethrough, air supply means secured to said inner stack member adjacent its lower end thereof to impart air thereinto, means associated with said air supply means for directing the ow of air within said inner stack means, fuel dispensing means for imparting fuel into said inner stack member immediately above said air supply means, ignition means for igniting said fuel to effect an initial burning `of the waste products of cornbustion in the lower end of said inner stack means; and

an `outer exhaust stack member secured to said inner stack i member in circumferentially spaced, enveloping relationship, at least that portion of the inner stack member enveloped by said outer stack member being made of a material having high heat conductivity, said outer stack extending upwardly therearound with the bottom end of said outer stack being spaced beyond said fuel supply member and will be heated in heat exchange relationshipA with said inner stack member, said heated air mixing with the waste products of combustion emerging from the upper end of said inner stackmember to effect a selfignition of such formed mixture to further burn the waste products of combustion within the outer stack member.`

3. Apparatus for permitting the emission of waste products of combustion to the atmosphere in an unobjectionf` able state comprising; an inner exhaust smoke stack member adapted to be connected at its lower end to a re burning apparatus in substantially vertical relationship therewith, said inner member forming a continuous passageway throughout its length for the passing of waste products of combustion therethrough, air supply means secured to said innner stack member adjacent its lower end thereof to impart air thereinto, fuel dispensing means for imparting fuel into said inner stack member immediately above said air supply means, lfuel shield means associated with said fuel dispensing means within s aid stack means, ignition means for igniting said fuel to effect an initial burning of the waste productsof combustion in the lower end of said inner stack means; and an outer exhaust stack member secured to said inner stack member in circumferentially spaced, enveloping relationship, at

least that portion of the inner stack member enveloped by said outer stack member being made of a material having high heat conductivity, said outer stack extending upwardly therearound with the bottom end of said outer stack being spaced above said fuel supply means and 17 said air supply means, and the upper end of said outer stack lbeing spaced well above the terminal upper end of said inner stack member, said circumferentially spaced relationship of said outer stack member to said inner stack member forming a continuous, vertical air passageway therebetween in substantially sealed relationship of substantial length along which air will be drawn upwardly through the lower end of said outer stack member and will be heated in heat exchange relationship with said l inner stack member, said heated air mixing with the waste products of combustion emergingfrom the upper end of said inner stack member to effect a self-ignition of such formed mixture to further burn thewaste products of combustion within the outer stack member.

4. Apparatus for permitting the emission of waste products of combustion to the atmosphere in an unobjectionable state comprising; an inner exhaust smoke stack member adapted to be connected at its lower end to a fire burning apparatus in substantially vertical relationship therewith, said inner member forming a continuous passageway throughout its length for the passing of waste products of combustion therethrough, air supply means secured to said Ainner stack member adjacent its lower end thereof to impart air thereinto, means associated with said air supply means for directing the ow of air within said inner stack means, fuel dispensing means for imparting fuel into said inner stack member immediately above said air supply means, fuel shield means associated with said fuel dispensing means Within said stack means, ignition means for igniting said fuel to effect an initial burning of the WasteI products of combustion in the lower end of said inner stack means; and an outerexhaust stack member secured to said inner stack member in circumferentially spaced, enveloping relationship, at least that portion of the inner stack member enveloped by said outer stack member being made of a material having high heat conductivity, said outer stack extending upwardly therearound with the bottom end of said outer stack being spaced abovesaid fuel supply means and said air supply means, and the upper end of said outer stack being spaced well above the terminal upper end of said inner stack member, said circumferentially spaced relationship of said outer stack member to said inner stack member forming a continuous, vertical air passageway therebetween in substantially sealed relationship of substantial length along which air will be drawn upwardly through the lower end of said outer stack member and will be heated in heat exchange relationship with said inner stack member, said heated air mixing with the waste products of combustion emerging from the upper end of said inner stack member to effect a self-ignition of such formed mixture to further burn the waste products of combustion within the outer stack member.

5. Apparatus for permitting the emission of waste products of combustion to the atmosphere in an unobjectionable state comprising; an inner exhaust rsmoke stack member adapted to be connected at its lower end to a lire burning apparatus in substantially vertical relationship therewith, said inner member forming a continuous passageway throughout its length for the passing of waste products of combustion therethrough, air supply means secured to said innner stack member adjacent its lower end thereof to impart air thereinto, fuel dispensing means for imparting fuel into said inner stack member immediately above said air supply means, ignition means for igniting said fuel to elfect 'an initial burning of the waste products of combustion in the lower end of said inner stack means; and an outer exhaust stack member secured to said inner stack member in circumferentially spaced, enveloping relationship, at least that portion of the inner stack member enveloped by said outer stack member being made of a material having high heat conductivity, said outer stack extending upwardly therearound with the bottom end of said outer stack being spaced above said fuel supply means and said air supply means, and the upper end of said outer stack being spaced well above the terminal upper end of said inner stack member, said circumferentially spaced relationship of said outer stack member to said inner stack member forming a continuous, uninterrupted vertical air passageway therebetween in substantially sealed relationship of substantial length along which air will be drawn upwardly through the lower end of said outer stack member and will be heated in heat.

exchange relationship with said inner stack member, said heated air mixing with the waste products of combustion emerging from the upper end of said inner stack member to effect a self-ignition of such formed mixture to further burn the waste products of combustion within the outer stack member.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,744,477 5/ 1956 Hartley et al. 2,889,002 6/ 1959 Kocee.

- FOREIGN PATENTS 1,136,769 1/ 1957 France MORRIS O. WOLK, Primary Examiner. JAMES TAYMAN, JR., Examiner. 

1. APPARATUS FOR PERMITTING THE EMISSION OF WASTE PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION TO THE ATMOSPHERE IN AN UNOBJECTIONABLE STATE COMPRISING; AN INNER EXHAUST SMOKE STACK MEMBER ADAPTED TO BE CONNECTED AT ONE END TO A FIRE BURNING APPARATUS, SAID INNER MEMBER FORMING A CONTINUOUS PASSAGEWAY THROUGOUT ITS LENGTH FOR THE PASSING OF WASTE PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION THERETHROUGH, AIR SUPPLY MEANS SECURED TO SAID INNER STACK MEMBER ADJACENT THE END TO BE CONNECTED TO IMPART AIR THEREINTO, FUEL DISPENSING MEANS FOR IMPARTING FUEL INTO SAID INNER STACK MEMBER IMMEDIATELY ADJACENT SAID AIR SUPPLY MEANS, IGNITION MEANS FOR IGNITING SAID FUEL TO EFFECT AN INITIAL BURNING OF THE WASTE PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION IN THE END OF SAID INNER STACK MEMBER TO BE CONNECTED; AND AN OUTER EXHAUST STACK MEMBER SECURED TO SAID INNER STACK MEMBER IN CIRCUMFERENTIALLY SPACED, ENVELOPING RELATIONSHIP, AT LEAST THAT PORTION OF THE INNER STACK MEMBER ENVELOPED BY SAID OUTER STACK MEMBER BEING MADE OF A MATERIAL HAVING HIGH HEAT CONDUCTIVITY, SAID OUTER STACK EXTENDING THEREAROUND WITH ONE END OF SAID OUTER STACK BEING SPACED BEYOND SAID FUEL SUPPLY MEANS AND SAID AIR SUPPLY MEANS, AND THE OPPOSITE END OF SAID OUTER STACK MEMBER BEING SPACED WELL BEYOND THE TERMINAL FREE END OF SAID INNER STACK MEMBER, SAID CIRCUMFERENTIALLY SPACED RELATIONSHIP OF SAID OUTER STACK MEMBER TO SAID INNER STACK MEMBER FORMING A CONTINUOUS, ELONGATED AIR PASSAGEWAY IN SUBSTANTIALLY SEALED RELATIONSHIP THEREBETWEEN OF SUBSTANTIAL LENGTH LONG WHICH AIR 